Bone Loss

Bone is living tissue. In healthy individuals, it is constantly being broken down and renewed in equal amounts to maintain its strength. Some cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, may affect the balance of bone destruction and renewal, leading to thinning bones and an increased risk of bone fracture.

When bone is broken down faster than it is renewed, it causes a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). There are usually no warning signs or symptoms until a fracture occurs. Severe bone loss can lead to painful fractures in the wrist, spine and hip, resulting in reduced mobility.

If you are at risk for bone loss, making lifestyle changes can help keep your bones strong and healthy. Bone loss can also be treated with medication.

Ask your doctor if your cancer therapy is likely to increase your risk of bone loss. He/she may recommend you have a bone mineral density test to check the thickness of your bones.

NOTE: Bone loss caused by cancer therapy is not the same condition as cancer that has spread to the bone.

What you can do:

• Ask your doctor about your risk of bone loss or fractures. He/she may recommend a bone mineral density test
• Take both calcium and vitamin D supplements as directed by your doctor to help your body maintain strong bones
• Healthy habits may slow bone loss - eat a good mix of foods that include calcium and vitamin D, like milk and other dairy products, dark green vegetables, eggs, or fortified cereals, and make sure you eat enough protein
• Stop smoking and avoid smoky areas
• Avoid excess caffeine, alcohol and salt
• Any amount of weight-bearing exercise may help - try walking, yoga, or lifting weights to make your bones stronger. Remember to speak to your doctor before starting any exercise program
• If you have been told you are at risk of low bone mineral density, it's important to protect yourself from falling. Reduce your risk of breaking a bone by making your home safer - remove throw rugs and clutter that you may trip over
• Speak to your doctor before starting any new exercise program.

Another unpleasant side effect you may face is diarrhea. Find out how to treat it.